@Article{CâmaraSRASRRSASMCEAVA:2023:ImLaTe,
               author = "C{\^a}mara, Gilberto and Sim{\~o}es, Rolf Ezequiel de Oliveira 
                         and Ruivo, Heloisa Musetti and Andrade Neto, Pedro Ribeiro de and 
                         Soterroni, Aline C and Ramos, Fernando Manoel and Ramos, Rafael 
                         Blakeley Guimar{\~a}es and Scarabello, Marluce da Cruz and 
                         Almeida, Cl{\'a}udio Aparecido de and Sanches, Ieda Del'Arco and 
                         Maurano, Luis Eduardo Pinheiro and Coutinho, Alexandre and 
                         Esquerdo, Julio and Antunes, Jo{\~a}o and Venturieri, Adriano and 
                         Adami, Marcos",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {University of Oxford} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Empresa 
                         Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu{\'a}ria (EMBRAPA)} and {Empresa 
                         Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu{\'a}ria (EMBRAPA)} and {Empresa 
                         Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu{\'a}ria (EMBRAPA)} and {Empresa 
                         Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu{\'a}ria (EMBRAPA)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Impact of land tenure on deforestation control and forest 
                         restoration in Brazilian Amazonia",
              journal = "Environmental Research Letters",
                 year = "2023",
               volume = "18",
                pages = "065005",
             keywords = "forest restoration, Brazilian Amazonia, Brazil’s Forest Code, 
                         Brazil’s NDC, land use policy in Brazil.",
             abstract = "This study examines how land tenure constrains Brazils ability to 
                         meet its deforestation control and forest restoration goals in its 
                         Amazonia biome. Our findings are based on an updated assessment of 
                         land tenure and land use in the region. Between 2019 and 2021, 44% 
                         of deforestation in Amazonia occurred in private lands, while 
                         forest removal in settlements ranged from 31% to 27% of the total. 
                         Deforestation in undesignated public lands increased from 11% in 
                         2008 to 18% in 2021. Deforestation is highly concentrated, with 1% 
                         of properties accounting for 82.5% of forest cuts in 2021. In 
                         Amazonia, there is considerable non-compliance with the legal 
                         reserve provisions set by Brazils Forest Code. Legal reserve 
                         deficits in private lands sum up to 18.17 Mha (million hectares), 
                         compared with 12.49 Mha of legal reserve surpluses. Even if all 
                         forest surpluses are offered in the forest credits market set in 
                         the Forest Code, farmers still need to restore 5.67 Mha to comply 
                         with the law. Large-scale cattle ranchers have a legal reserve 
                         deficit of 10.35 Mha (34% of their area). Most crop farming occurs 
                         in medium and large properties (4.63 Mha) with a large proportion 
                         of legal reserve deficits (45%). Given the political power and 
                         financial resources of large ranchers and crop producers, Brazil 
                         faces major challenges in inducing these farmers to meet their 
                         legal obligations. Therefore, Brazil needs to combine robust 
                         command-and-control strategies with market-based policies to 
                         achieve its deforestation and forest restoration goals. The 
                         government should tailor forest protection and restoration 
                         policies to the needs of different landowners, considering their 
                         land use practices, technical capacity, and financial resources.",
                  doi = "10.1088/1748-9326/acd20a",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acd20a",
                 issn = "1748-9326",
                label = "lattes: 7484071887086439 16 
                         C{\^a}maraSRASRRSASMCEAVA:2023:ImLaTe",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Camara_2023_Environ._Res._Lett._18_065005.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "11 maio 2024"
}